4.6 understand how to classify reactions of organic compounds as substitution, addition and combustion

Substitution: reaction where one atom is swapped with another atom. (only happens in ALKANES)
e.g. when ethane reacts with bromine gas, one of the hydrogen atoms in ethane is substituted by one of the atoms of bromine.
CH₃-CH₃         +         Br-Br         →         CH₃-CH₂Br         +         H-Br
ethane         +         bromine         →         bromoethane         +         hydrogen bromide



Addition: something is added to a molecule without taking anything away. (only happens in ALKENES)
e.g. when ethene reacts with bromine gas, the product is simply the addition of 2 molecules:
CH₂=CH₂         +         Br-Br         →         CH₂Br-CH₂Br


Combustion: means "burning" with oxygen. This applies to BOTH ALKANES AND ALKENES.
There are 2 types of combustion: incomplete combustion and complete combustion.
 - Complete combustion: (products are carbon dioxide and water)
e.g.

 - Incomplete combustion: (products are carbon monoxide and water)
 e.g.